• There was a mutiny in 1806 by East India Company's Indian troops. The soldiers rebelled becuase the British were imposing on their religion.
  • Indians were subject to discrimination.
  • Gandhi organizes public meetings, petitions, press campaigns, and acts as a rights spokesman.
  • 1907- new regulations: Indians forced to carry ID cards, and have restricted movements.
  • Gandhi led them in burning their cards and going into prohibited areas.
  • Idea behind peaceful protest: "belief that an ultimatetruth underlies everything in the universe. Our goal is to search for this truth, dedicating ourselves to a life based on self-control".
India:
Arrival of the Europeans:

-In 1600, Queen Elizabeth I of England granted a royal charter for a group of English traders to set up a trading company (the East India Company)
-trading posts were established in Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta
-The French, Dutch, and Portuguese established their own trade centers
-(traded textiles, tea, spices, gold, silver, cheaply in India and sold for enormous profit in Europe)
-The British had an economic advantage+political power (due to company and treaties with various Indian princes)
-Fall of Mughal Empire+ Division of Indian kings+ shrewdness of British paved way for British EMPIRE in India in the 18th century

1919- Indian nonviolent, British violent
1828- fight against social ills (caste system, child marriage, superstitions and burning of widows; Raja Ram Mohe Ray-not sure if this is important.
1857-British crown and India became a British colony-British introduced modern technology (built railways) had VIGOROUS missionary work

  • social, spiritual, political leader
  • left lawyer practice to fight for Indian independance through satyagraha (non violent fight for justice)
  • believed that "Indians should not cooperate with British but go on peaceful strikes instead"
  • men should wear indian handloom textiles instead of english cloth
  • walked hundreds of miles in silent prtest against british TAX on common items such as salt (salt march)
  • he went to jail many times

India gained Independance on August 15th 1947 Jawaharlal Nehru: 1st prime minister
Indian National Congress: newly formed political party

Mohandas Ghandi: